
Lesson 9 - Pilotage
Introduction
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Navigating confined and shallow waters using visual references .
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Essential for harbors, rivers, and moorings.
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Combines preparation, observation, and adjustment.
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Buoy Hopping
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Follow buoys to stay in safe channels.
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Risks: Missing buoys, wind, and tide pushing off course.
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Solutions:
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Plan bearings and distances between buoys.
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Regularly check position and adjust as needed.
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Transits and Leading Lines
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Transits: Align two landmarks to maintain a straight course.
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Leading Lines: Use marked features or objects to navigate channels.
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Tip: Keep "striking marks" open to avoid hazards.​


​Head Marks & Back Bearings
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Head Marks: Use a fixed point ahead to guide your course.
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Back Bearings: Use a landmark behind to confirm your position.
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Ensure consistent alignment with compass readings.
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​Turning Bearings & Wheel-Over Bearings
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Identify the exact point to alter your course.
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Use pre-planned bearings to avoid cross-track errors.
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Critical for tight channels and shallow waters.
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Clearing Lines & Contours
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Clearing Lines: Visual references to stay clear of hazards.
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Clearing Contours: Depth-based navigation to avoid shallow areas.
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Monitor depth and tidal changes for accuracy.
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Electronic Pilotage
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Tools like GPS and chart plotters enhance navigation.
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Features: Waypoints, boundary alarms, and cross-track ladders.
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Reminder: Combine with traditional methods for reliability.
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Traffic Lights in Harbors
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Common signals:
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Flashing Reds: Emergency—stop immediately.
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Fixed Greens/Reds: One-way or two-way traffic.
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Yellow/White Lights: Special instructions.
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Learn local variations for busy harbors.
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Rules and Regulations
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Harbor rules supplement international collision regulations.
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Common rules:
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Speed limits and small vessel channels.
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Exclusion zones near military/commercial areas.
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Always check local notices.
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Exclusion Zones
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Restricted areas near military zones, wharves, or moving ships.
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Use VHF radio for permission if required.
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Planning Pilotage
Preparation is critical:
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Use charts, almanacs, and local notices.
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Plan bearings, distances, and alternative routes.
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Write a clear, portable plan for reference.​
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Teamwork: Navigator identifies marks, helmsman steers.
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Typical routine:
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Locate the first buoy and guide the helmsman.
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Confirm the course and adjust as needed.
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Constant observation ensures accuracy.
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