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Lesson 9 - Pilotage

Introduction

  • Navigating confined and shallow waters using visual references .

  • Essential for harbors, rivers, and moorings.

  • Combines preparation, observation, and adjustment.

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Buoy Hopping

  • Follow buoys to stay in safe channels.

  • Risks: Missing buoys, wind, and tide pushing off course.

  • Solutions:

  • Plan bearings and distances between buoys.

  • Regularly check position and adjust as needed.

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Transits and Leading Lines

  • Transits: Align two landmarks to maintain a straight course.

  • Leading Lines: Use marked features or objects to navigate channels.

  • Tip: Keep "striking marks" open to avoid hazards.​

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​Head Marks & Back Bearings

  • Head Marks: Use a fixed point ahead to guide your course.

  • Back Bearings: Use a landmark behind to confirm your position.

  • Ensure consistent alignment with compass readings.

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​Turning Bearings & Wheel-Over Bearings

  • Identify the exact point to alter your course.

  • Use pre-planned bearings to avoid cross-track errors.

  • Critical for tight channels and shallow waters.

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Clearing Lines & Contours

  • Clearing Lines: Visual references to stay clear of hazards.

  • Clearing Contours: Depth-based navigation to avoid shallow areas.

  • Monitor depth and tidal changes for accuracy.

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Electronic Pilotage

  • Tools like GPS and chart plotters enhance navigation.

  • Features: Waypoints, boundary alarms, and cross-track ladders.

  • Reminder: Combine with traditional methods for reliability.

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Traffic Lights in Harbors

  • Common signals:

    • Flashing Reds: Emergency—stop immediately.

    • Fixed Greens/Reds: One-way or two-way traffic.

    • Yellow/White Lights: Special instructions.

  • Learn local variations for busy harbors.

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Rules and Regulations

  • Harbor rules supplement international collision regulations.

  • Common rules:

    • Speed limits and small vessel channels.

    • Exclusion zones near military/commercial areas.

  • Always check local notices.

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Exclusion Zones

  • Restricted areas near military zones, wharves, or moving ships.

  • Use VHF radio for permission if required.

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Planning Pilotage

Preparation is critical:

  • Use charts, almanacs, and local notices.

  • Plan bearings, distances, and alternative routes.

  • Write a clear, portable plan for reference.​

  • Teamwork: Navigator identifies marks, helmsman steers.

  • Typical routine:

    • Locate the first buoy and guide the helmsman.

    • Confirm the course and adjust as needed.

  • Constant observation ensures accuracy.

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